Anthropic Impact Evaluation of Two Brazilian Estuaries Through Biomarkers in Fish
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/jbse.2009.01.004Keywords:
histopathology, cholinesterase activity, genotoxicity, environmental contamination, toxic effects, Cathorops spixii, Lutjanus synagrisAbstract
Coastal and estuarine areas can be impacted by several sources of anthropogenic activities derived from industries, agriculture, sewage and harbor activities. Two Brazilian estuarine areas (Piraquê – ES and Paranaguá – PR) located close to harbours, industries and sewage from urban centers were evaluated through analysis of somatic indexes, histopathological, biochemical and genetic biomarkers on fish. Histopathological lesions as lamellar fusion, hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, and second lamellae disorganization were found in gills. Necrosis was the main alteration observed in the liver of sampled animals and the occurrence of melano-macrophages in Cathorops spixii was similar among the evaluated areas. Cholinesterase activity increased in most of the contaminated areas. Genotoxic responses as micronucleus induction and occurrence of DNA strand breaks were detected in Piraquê and Paranaguá estuaries in all sampling seasons. Our results suggest that these areas are impacted by anthropogenic activities and that a multi-biomarker approach is valuable and recommended for environmental pollution evaluation.
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