Selectividad del Insecticida Metamidofos en Ocho Organismos Terrestres no Destinatarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5132/jbse.2008.01.004Palabras clave:
ecotoxicología, metamidofos, plaguicida, prueba de toxicidad, riesgo ambientalResumen
El organofosforado metamidofos es uno de los plaguicidas mas empleados en la agricultura peruana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la toxicidad del metamidofos bajo dos formulaciones de diferente categoría toxicológica [Monofos®, categoría Ia (extremadamente peligroso), y Tamaron®, categoría Ib (altamente peligroso)] sobre ocho organismos terrestres no destinatarios: Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826) (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae), Porcellio laevis (Latreille, 1804) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulzant, 1853) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Copidosoma koehleri (Blanchard, 1940) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) y Leptomastidea abnormis (Girault, 1915) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). La secuencia de mayor a menor cocientes de riesgo (CR) del metamidofos Ia fue: L. abnormis > C. koehleri > O. insidiosus > P. laevis > C. externa > C. montrouzieri. En cambio para el metamidofos Ib fue: L. abnormis > E. foetida > O. insidiosus > C. koehleri > P. laevis > C. externa > P. nigrispinus. Ambas formulaciones del metamidofos provocaron un efecto de mayor riesgo sobre L. abnormis. El metamidofos mostró el menor riesgo sobre C. externa, C. montrouzieri y P. nigrispinus a las dosis de aplicación para el control de plagas. Los CR indicaron un alto riesgo del metamidofos en el ambiente terrestre.
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